Champlevé
Champlevé is a decorative metalworking technique that involves the application of enamel to a metal surface, typically copper, silver, or gold, which has been engraved or hollowed out to create recessed areas for the enamel to be filled in. The word “champlevé” is French and translates to “raised field.”
Here’s how the champlevé technique is traditionally executed:
- Preparing the Metal Surface: A metal surface, often copper or silver, is cleaned and polished to remove any dirt or impurities.
- Engraving or Hollowing: Intricate designs or patterns are then engraved or carved into the metal surface using specialized tools. These designs create recessed areas, or “cloisons,” that will later hold the enamel.
- Applying Enamel: Enamel, a powdered glass material, is then carefully applied to the metal surface, filling the recessed areas created by the engraving. The enamel is typically applied in multiple layers, with each layer fired in a kiln to fuse it to the metal and achieve the desired colors and effects.
- Firing and Finishing: After each layer of enamel is applied, the piece is fired in a kiln at high temperatures to melt and fuse the enamel to the metal. This process is repeated until the desired level of color and depth is achieved. Once the enameling process is complete, the piece may be further polished or finished to enhance its appearance.
- Additional Decoration (Optional): In some cases, additional decorative elements such as gemstones, filigree, or metal accents may be added to the champlevé piece to further enhance its beauty and complexity.
Champlevé enamelwork has a long history dating back to ancient civilizations, with notable examples found in medieval European art, Byzantine icons, and Celtic metalwork. It continues to be practiced by artisans and craftspeople today, both in traditional forms and in contemporary interpretations, offering a beautiful and enduring decorative technique for jewelry, decorative objects, and religious artifacts.